山 hill（山字旁 shānzìpáng）
【PINYIN】[shān]
【TRANSLATION】mountain, hill, peak
【FORMATION】象形，山峰绵延
【COINAGE】Pictograph, A mountain range, with three towering peaks
【造字理据】
《説文》：山，宣也。宣气散，生萬物，有石而高。象形。凡山之属皆从山。
[白話：山，宣发地气。高山宣发地气，散布四方，促生万物，有石崖而高耸。象高峰连绵之形。所有与山相关的字，都采用“山”作边旁。]
山，甲骨文像遥望中地平线上起伏连绵的群峰的线描，有三（众多）座峰头。金文写成剪影。有的金文将三个峰头简化成三个短竖，淡化峰尖形象。篆文保留中间一座峰岭的象形特征。本义：起伏叠嶂的峰岭。隶书完全失去峰岭形象。两峰相连、或零散不成方向的小山叫“丘”，众峰（三峰）相连、形成一定走向的群峰叫“山”。
【MOTIVATION】This group is remarkably uniform in its meanings, which relate to the shape, parts, and names of mountains; shan is placed in three sides of characters, and when on top resembles 宀 a little; it is interchanged with 土 and 谷 in a few cases.
A mountain range, with three towering peaks, provides the structure for this pictograph of mountain or hill:山. From a high vantage pointy man can oversee what is easily overlooked on a lower plane. Hence the proverb: "If you don’ t climb the high mountain, you can’t view the plain."
The Component 山 enjoys considerable flexibility in its position: it can appear in the top, bottom or left part of a character. The characters with 山 are usually related to hill and mountain.
【例字 EXAMPLES】
岭[lǐng][líng] mountain ridge, mountain peak
形声；从山、令声。本义：比喻山系中最高的山脉。
仙[xiān] Taoist super-being, transcendent, immortal
人在山上。从人从山。
崔[cuī] high, lofty, towering; surname
形声。从山，隹[zhuī]声。本义：高大。
岩[yán] cliff; rocks; mountain
形声。从山，严声。“岩”为会意字。从山，从石。本义：高峻的山崖。
峰[fēng] peak, summit; hump of camel
形声。从山，峯[fēng]声。本义：山顶。
崖[yá] cliff, precipice; precipitous
形声；从山、厓声。本义：耸立岩壁之上的悬崖。
岗 岸 岛 岳 峦 屿 崇 崩
