Lesson 17 The Importance of Learning Phonetics Components 声符及高频声符

Lesson 17 The Importance of Learning Phonetics Components 声符及高频声符

一、声旁表音Ⅰ. How Helpful Can a Phonetic Radical Be?

形声字的声旁有的能够准确表音,大多数情况下是部分表音。汉字的拼音由声母、韵母和声调三部分组成,根据声旁的表音程度不同,大致有以下六种情况:

一、声旁表音Ⅰ. How Helpful Can a Phonetic Radical Be?

形声字的声旁有的能够准确表音,大多数情况下是部分表音。汉字的拼音由声母、韵母和声调三部分组成,根据声旁的表音程度不同,大致有以下六种情况:

Sometimes a phonetic radical may match the pronunciation of a hanzi exactly, but in most cases the phonetic radical just gives a rough idea of the pronunciation. Next we'll discuss the matter in greater detail based on the Chinese pronunciation system called pinyin. Every monosyllabic character has a pinyin which consists of three parts: a consonant, a vowel and an intonation. The semantic-phonetic characters fall into six types in terms of how the phonetic radical relates to the pinyin:

(1)声母、韵母、声调都相同,如:

Same consonant, vowel and intonation:

油yóu - 由yóu

汽qì - 气qì

湖hú - 胡hú

材cái - 才cái

城chéng - 成chéng

址zhǐ - 止zhǐ

吓xià - 下xià

评píng - 平píng

功gōng - 工gōng

(2)声母、韵母同,但声调不同,如:

Same consonant and vowel, but different intonation:

样yàng - 羊yáng

饱bǎo - 包bāo

饭fàn - 反fǎn

妈mā - 马mǎ

房fáng - 方fāng

住zhù - 主zhǔ

情qíng - 青qīng

把bǎ - 巴bā

运yùn - 云yún

(3)声母同,声调同,韵母不同,如:

Same consonant and intonation, but different vowel:

价jià - 介jiè

绿lǜ - 录lù

结jié - 吉jí

(4)韵母同,声调同,声母不同,如:

Same vowel and intonation, but different consonant:

忙máng - 亡wáng

草cǎo - 早zǎo

苦kǔ - 古gǔ

完wán - 元yuán

精jīng - 青qīng

客kè - 各gè

造zào - 告gào

趟tàng - 尚shàng

闻wén - 门mén

(5)声母、韵母、声调三者中只有一个相同,如:

Same in any one of consonant, vowel or intonation:

声母同Same consonant:

坡pō - 皮pí

药yào - 约yuē

邻lín - 令lìng

进jìn - 井jǐng

韵母同Same vowel:

红hóng - 工gōng

寄jì - 奇qí

躺tǎng - 尚shàng

裙qún - 君jūn

基jī - 其qí

咬yǎo - 交jiāo

声调同Same intonation:

赌dǔ - 者zhě

(6)声母、韵母、声调都不同,如:

Different consonant, vowel and intonation:

怕pà - 白bái

饿è - 我wǒ

玻bō - 皮pí

抢qiǎng - 仓cāng

被bèi - 皮pí

二、学汉字,注意声旁的表音作用 Ⅲ. Learn the Following Hanzi and Pay Attention to Their Phonetic Radicals

【巴】bā hope earnestly; the old name for Sichuan

爸  bà  8画  father

爸爸bàbà

n. father, dad

吧  ba  7画  a modal particle used at the end of a sentence

好吧hǎoba

ph. all right; be it so

爬  pá  8画  climb

爬山páshān

ph. climb a mountain

爬树páshù

ph. climb a tree

爬虫páchóng

n. reptile; vermin

 

【马】  mǎ    horse

妈  mā  6画  mother

妈妈māmā

n. mother, mom

吗  ma  6画  an interrogative particle used at the end of a question

好吗hǎoma

ph. Is that OK?

 

【可】  kě    but; can

哥  gē  10画  elder brother

哥哥gēgē

n. elder brother

哥们(儿)gēmenr

n. close friend; pal, mate

何  hé  7画  what; why

任何rènhé

pron. any

何苦hékǔ

adv. why bother

何故hégù

prep. why

声旁字Phonetic Radical

【哥】  gē    elder brother

歌  gē  14画  song

唱歌chànggē

ph. sing songs

歌手gēshǒu

n. singer

歌声gēshēng

n. singing

 

【且】  qiě    even; just

姐  jiě  8画  elder sister

姐姐jiějiě

n. elder sister

姐夫jiěfū

n. brother-in-law(elder sister's husband)

小姐xiǎojiě

n. Miss; young lady

祖  zǔ  9画  ancestor

祖国zǔguó

n. motherland

祖父zǔfù

n. grandfather(from father's side)

外祖母wàizǔmǔ

n. grandmother(from mother's side)

租  zū  10画  rent; hire; lease

出租车chūzūchē

n. taxi

房租fángzū

n. rent

租用zūyòng

v. hire, rent

组  zǔ  8画  organize; form; group

小组xiǎozǔ

n. small group, team

组织zǔzhī

v. /n. organize; organization

组合zǔhé

v. /n. make up; compose; combination

 

【弔】(吊)  diào    hang

弟  dì  7画  younger brother

弟弟dìdì

n. younger brother

兄弟xiōngdì

n. brothers

弟妹dìmèi

n. sister-in-law(younger brother's wife)

第  dì  11画  a prefix for ordinal numbers

第一名dìyīmíng

ph. the first place

第二天dìèrtiān

ph. the second day

第一次dìyīcì

ph. the first time

 

【未】  wèi    not yet

妹  mèi  8画  younger sister

妹妹mèimèi

n. younger sister

姐妹jiěmèi

n. sisters

妹夫mèifū

n. brother-in-law(younger sister's husband)

味  wèi  8画  taste

味道wèidào

n. taste

气味qìwèi

n. smell

美味měiwèi

n. delicious food

三、读短文,学句子Ⅳ. Short Text

昨天我和爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、姐姐去公园爬山了。我们是坐出租车来的。公园里有很多人,有的唱歌,有的骑马,可热闹了!

(热闹[rè'nào] full of exciting activities)

Yesterday I went to a park by taxi with my dad, mom, elder brother and elder sister. We went to climb the hill. There were lots of people in the park. Some were singing, and some were riding horses. What a happy scene!

太好了,你现在都可以读成段的文字了,是不是很神奇!接下来的几课里,我们会陆续介绍这样的小文章让大家学习。

Wow, look! You can now read a paragraph in Chinese! Wonderful, isn't it? More exercises like this will be given in the ensuing lessons, so you will have more chances to use hanzi in real-life contexts.

四、练习Exercises

1. 汉字形音义填写:

Fill in the blanks in each column with hanzi, pinyin (pronunciation) or English words:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

mèi

_____

_____

_____

_____

jiě

_____

_____

_____

song

_____

dad

rent

_____

taste

_____

_____

organize

_____

2. 在每组中央方格填上合适的字,使之与左右的字能分别组词(※):

Fill in the central square in each group with a proper character to form two words as in the given example:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

3. 把下列形声字与它们各自的拼音和英译用线连起来:

Match the following semantic-phonetic characters with their pinyin and English translations:

axe-handle

the second among brothers

kēdǒu

inclined; slanting

蝌蚪

look askance

mèi

lotus

qiè

obscure

wén

pattern of silk fabrics

recall

zhòng

tadpole

4. 请把以下形声字按组合规律分别归类:

Group the following semantic-phonetic characters according to their structure types:

姐      闻  邮  杯  栋  箱  园  湾  案  爸

站      忠  歌  围  华  骂  宪  斧  岔  闷

1)左形右声 Left semantic + right phonetic

____________________________________________________________

2)右形左声 Right semantic + left phonetic

____________________________________________________________

3)上形下声 Top semantic + bottom phonetic

____________________________________________________________

4)下形上声 Bottom semantic + top phonetic

____________________________________________________________

5)内形外声 Inner semantic + outer phonetic

____________________________________________________________

6)外形内声 Outer semantic + inner phonetic

____________________________________________________________


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